Natural Refrigeration

In olden days refrigeration was achieved by natural means
such as the use of ice or evaporative cooling. In earlier times, ice was either:

1.  Transported from colder regions,
2.  Harvested in winter and stored in ice houses for summer use or,
3.  Made during night by cooling of water by
   radiation to stratosphere.

In Europe, America and Iran a number of icehouses were built
to store ice. Materials like sawdust or wood shavings were used as insulating
materials in these icehouses. Later on, cork was used as insulating material.
Literature reveals that ice has always been available to aristocracy who could
afford it. In India, the Mogul emperors were very fond of ice during the harsh
summer in Delhi and Agra, and it appears that the ice used to be made by
nocturnal cooling.

In 1806, Frederic Tudor, (who was later called as the "ice
king") began the trade in ice by cutting it from the Hudson River and ponds of
Massachusetts and exporting it to various countries including India. In India
Tudor’s ice was cheaper than the locally manufactured ice by nocturnal cooling.

The ice trade in North America was a flourishing business. Ice was transported
to southern states of America in train compartments insulated by 0.3m of cork
insulation. Trading in ice was also popular in several other countries such as
Great Britain, Russia, Canada, Norway and France. In these countries ice was
either transported from colder regions or was harvested in winter and stored in
icehouses for use in summer. The ice trade reached its peak in 1872 when America
alone exported 225000 tonnes of ice to various countries as far as China and
Australia. However, with the advent of artificial refrigeration the ice trade
gradually declined.
Good luck....

Refrigeration

Refrigeration the process of achieving and maintaining a low temperature of the surroundings, the aim being to cool some product or space to the required temperature. One of the most important objective of refrigeration has been the preservation of perishable food products by storing them at low temperatures. Refrigeration systems are also used extensively for providing thermal comfort to human beings by means of air conditioning. Air Conditioning refers to the treatment of air so as to simultaneously control its temperature, moisture content, cleanliness, odour and circulation, as required by occupants, a process, or products in the space. The subject of refrigeration and air conditioning has evolved out of human need for food and comfort, and its history dates back to centuries. The history of refrigeration is very interesting since every aspect of it, the availability of refrigerants, the prime movers and the developments in compressors and the methods of refrigeration all are a part of it. The French scientist Roger ThÝvenot has written an excellent book on the history of refrigeration throughout the world. Here we present only a brief history of the subject with special mention of the pioneers in the field and some important events.

SERVICE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR WHEEL LOADER 966C,966D,966E,966F ALL SERIES

Online Ghost Writing for Money

What is Ghost Writing?

Ghost writing is a professional writing work for which a Ghost writer does not hold any rights i.e. the writing work is credited to someone else. People who do not have command on writing or do not have enough time to write often hire a ghost writer. Ghost-writing work is not only a popular online work for websites and blogs but there are a number of offline opportunities for ghost writing which include articles, short and long stories, books, reports, speech, autobiography (when inputs are provided) etc.

How much money can ghost writers earn?

A beginner Ghost writer may not be able to earn as much money as an established ghost writer. Those who have been in ghost writing business for some years now make good money from Ghost writing. A beginner can expect anything from $4 to $12 per 500 words initially.

Once a beginner have learnt all the tricks of the game he/she can raise his prices considerably, to maintain a healthy demand and supply ratio because demand for ghost writing will always exceed the writing capacity of a ghost-writer. In these situations it is always better to keep few good projects.

Legitimate Opportunities for Ghost Writers

There are a number of legitimate opportunities for Ghost-Writing, these opportunities are not just limited to web based ghost writing work but it covers all types of publications, media, celebrities, advertisement etc. Some of them are

1. Writing Autobiography : Auto-biographers often hire a Ghost writer to give final touch to an autobiography or they can even ask him to edit the whole story.

2. Writing Song Lyrics : A ghost writer can also be hired to write lyrics based on a theme.

3. Music Composition : A ghost writer can be hired not only for lyrics but also for composition.

4. School/College Books : A ghost writer can also get job of writing books for school/college based on the basic material and outlines they provide.

5. Writing Blogs : Some companies/celebrities hire ghost writer to write and update a blog owned by the company/celebrity.

6. Articles for Websites : Some websites hire ghost writers for writing articles for there websites.

7. Writing Brochure/booklet/pamphlet : A ghost writer can also get a job/project for writing brochure/booklet/pamphlet for a product or service.

These are some of the common opportunities for a ghost writers, those who are doing this work can often get a number of strange writing projects, like writing ebooks, writing letters etc.

More Resources for Ghost Writing Business

1. Ghost Writing : This is available at wikipedia the free online encyclopaedia.

2. Rent A Ghost Writer : This is a good place for new ghost writers. They can register as a freelance ghost writer.

3. Ghostwriting Uncovered Manual This is a good site.

KASHEM ALI

KASHEM ALI






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Academic Background:

• Certificate(S.S.C)

ITTAYA IDEAL SECONDARY SCHOOL
Board# Jessore
Group# Science
GPA# B (3.44)

• Diploma in Refrigeration and Air conditioning(pending result) at Gopalgonj Polytechnic Institute